Polkadot is an open-source blockchain platform launched in 2020 by Gavin Wood, a co-founder of Ethereum. The project aims to create a multi-chain network where different blockchains can interact and securely transfer data and assets. Polkadot uses the Nominated Proof-of-Stake (NPoS) consensus algorithm, and its native token DOT is used for transactions, staking, and governance. The network has quickly become a significant player in the blockchain and DeFi ecosystem.